Essay --

ISO 9000 standards can be defined as a series of international set standards used by companies to perfect on their quality. These standards were enacted by experts derived from dissimilar parts of the world. ISO 9000 Series Standards acts as guideline how companies are mandated to ensure their suppliers agree accurate and appropriate quality systems. Basically, ISO 9000 Series Standards was initially developed with support from major credible international bodies obligated to ensure standardization in both(prenominal) quality management and assurance in all companies. ISO 9000 standards were initiated, developed and maintained by a credible establishment known as International organisation for Standardization (ISO). These standards wee-wee been adapted by many countries globally approximated to be over 90 countries. Essentially, these standards were established with purpose of promoting international trade between different counties which outlines a set of requirements wh ich should be adhered to by all stakeholders. As a matter of fact, ISO 9000 Series Standards is one of the major products used many companies worldwide. ISO 9000 Series Standards was offset printing enacted and published in the year 1987. The Standards was developed with help of selected technical committee focusing more on issues concerning quality. After its publication, the standards have undergone several amendments and changes as bear witness by a major revision done in 2000.Quality is essential on every products and services offered by every company. Quality production being one major area of concern cites the reason why it is vital for companies to observe and maintain ISO 9000 Series Standards. Many companies worldwide are mental strain hard to ensure their products meets th... ... The standards were established in 1987, by a selected technical committee from different corners of the world. These standards were initiated, developed and maintained by a credible organ ization known as International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Currently, many companies in over 90 countries have adopted these standards. These Standards acts as guideline how companies mandated to ensure that their suppliers have accurate and appropriate quality systems. ISO 9000 standards are vital to every company or small businesses. They play huge roles in ensuring quality of products is not at all compromised in order to guarantee customers satisfaction. As observed despite many advantages allied with ISO 9000, it has its own disadvantages. These include the involved cost, consumers a lot of time, drawbacks for the employees and emphasizes on heavy documentation.

How I Learned To Become Literate Essay -- Personal Narratives Literacy

How I Learned To Become Literate As a six-month-old bodge books had opened up a whole entire new world of experience for me. My inspiration to describe how to lease and write was encour successiond by my mother and Grandmother. This is because they read out loud to me before bed occasionally and gave me the best date of my life by introducing me to a library. By two years of age I developed speech and other communication skills. This helped me understand and develop a favorite book, PJ Funny Bunny, and I would stare at the pages pretending I was reading them. I would continually pretend to read with other Dr. Seuss books, Smurf pop-up books (I imagined I was a part of these for hours), sniff & scratches, and sensory books. I had just begun encouragement to learn literacy.I always had a fascination when I would watch my become or Grandmother write (with their neat handwriting) or read something. I too, as a toddler, wanted to write just as well as they did. Therefore, I began wr iting on my games, play t qualifieds, and toy boxes (this was a big No, No). My Mother would in addition write out bills and use a calculator. Of course, I had to imitate her. But, any of this just wasnt enough for me. I desired something to a greater extent . . .I can remember I was extremely excited to begin school. It wasnt fair to me that all the bigger kids that lived nearby got to go to school and I didnt. Jealousy grew as I watched them out the front window of our house when they would return home with their happy school faces. This showed me school was fun and I was wanting(p) out on the greatest thing. It just wasnt fair I wanted to learn tooWhen I began Kindergarten I was prepared by well-read how to spell my name, recite and write the letters of the alphabet, and spell a few small words like, CAT and DOG. Our teacher, Mrs. Lowler, encouraged us to continue learning literacy by sounding out letter or words, giving us more words to practice spelling, reading al oud to us every day, allowing us to dribble turns on the typewriter, recite poems and songs, take turns reading to each other, and finally writing a few small sentences. We also had a heartening contest that whoever read the most books would get a free pizza at Pizza Hut.There are two things I remember Mrs. Lowler did to encourage my literacy skills. One time she made us paint a picture and then we had to present... ...e a real feel for what it was like to truly be that character. Mrs. Paris also had us keep journals in class. Here she would give us a topic and we took about fifteen minutes to write our thoughts out. The fact that she took the time to write back down to us made me excited and eager to write in my journal. This helped give me the idea to maintain a pen pal relationship with one of my friends from church.throughout my years of learning literacy I have combined my knowledge into different experiences. I have written papers, articles for newspapers (16), read to y ounger to children, and much more. My own doctrine as a teacher is to be a Reading Mentor to my students. I want to show my students that literacy is fun to learn and expands your imagination. Without books we would not be able to have the ideas and thoughts we do today. There would be no creativity as a result places like Disney World would not exist. I have learned so much from each of these teachers. The important lesson that I will pass on is to make learning an enjoyable and pleasant learning experience. Like Mrs. Paris, my ordinal Grade teacher, I want to show my students I love and enjoy what I am teaching them.

Rabies Prevention :: Biology Medical Biomedical Disease

rabidness preventionThis writing is mainly about the vaccines or the products that can be utilize to prevent Rabies. Its states the names of a couple of vaccines such as pre word picture phophylaxis and Rabies resistant globulin. And it explain how each of them work or what they do. It names slightly kinds of tidy sum who are at periodic exposure or at risk of obtaining Rabies. It also says who long the Rabies immune globulin has effect.Rabies is a precise dangerous thing erst you get it, be pillowcase once you get the symptoms forRabies there is nothing anyone can do about it. There just isnt any treatment by and by thesymptoms have shown. But just a couple of years ago scientists made a vaccine that cancause immunity aft(prenominal) it is prone over to the patients. There is two different periods it can beused. One is used before the person gets Rabies and the other is used while the personalready has Rabies. The one that is used before the person has Rabies is calledP reexposure prophylaxis. And the one that is used while the person has Rabies is calledPostexposure prophylaxis. Even though Rabies are lofty to humans it is estimated that18,000 people are vaccinated with Preexposure prophylaxis and 40,000 people arevaccinated for Postexposure prophylaxis in a yearly basis. Preexposure prophylaxis isusually given to people in daily risk of obtaining Rabies such as animal handlers,veterinarians and some laboratory workers. It could maybe even be given to a person whocomes across or in contact withan infested animal and people who study Rabies or thevaccines for Rabies. People who have been vaccinated for rabies in a period of sestetmonths must get a, (serum), blood test for antibody and receive a bit more vaccine. Eventhough some people feel secure after receiving the preexposure vaccination, its good forthem to know that bu using this vaccination it doesnt eliminate the need fore differentmedication but it helps by eliminating the need for Rabies immune globulin reducing thedoses needed of this vaccination. The vaccines can help by causing immunity in aperson whose postexposure might be delayed. And by providing protection fromexposure to Rabies. In the United States there is two types of immunizing product againstRabies. One of them is the rabies vaccines which gives the body an active response thatproduces neutralizing antibodies. And the other is Rabies immune globuling (RIG)which even though it provides a quick immunizing result it is estimated to last 19-21 dayswhich is a very short period of time with the effect.Rabies Prevention Biology Medical Biomedical DiseaseRabies PreventionThis writing is mainly about the vaccines or the products that can be used to prevent Rabies. Its states the names of a couple of vaccines such as preexposure phophylaxis and Rabies immune globulin. And it explain how each of them work or what they do. It names some kinds of people who are at daily exposure or at risk of obtaining Rabies. I t also says who long the Rabies immune globulin has effect.Rabies is a very dangerous thing once you get it, because once you get the symptoms forRabies there is nothing anyone can do about it. There just isnt any treatment after thesymptoms have shown. But just a couple of years ago scientists made a vaccine that cancause immunity after it is given to the patients. There is two different periods it can beused. One is used before the person gets Rabies and the other is used while the personalready has Rabies. The one that is used before the person has Rabies is calledPreexposure prophylaxis. And the one that is used while the person has Rabies is calledPostexposure prophylaxis. Even though Rabies are rare to humans it is estimated that18,000 people are vaccinated with Preexposure prophylaxis and 40,000 people arevaccinated for Postexposure prophylaxis in a yearly basis. Preexposure prophylaxis isusually given to people in daily risk of obtaining Rabies such as animal handlers,veteri narians and some laboratory workers. It could maybe even be given to a person whocomes across or in contact withan infested animal and people who study Rabies or thevaccines for Rabies. People who have been vaccinated for rabies in a period of sixmonths must get a, (serum), blood test for antibody and receive a bit more vaccine. Eventhough some people feel secure after receiving the preexposure vaccination, its good forthem to know that bu using this vaccination it doesnt eliminate the need fore differentmedication but it helps by eliminating the need for Rabies immune globulin reducing thedoses needed of this vaccination. The vaccines can help by causing immunity in aperson whose postexposure might be delayed. And by providing protection fromexposure to Rabies. In the United States there is two types of immunizing product againstRabies. One of them is the rabies vaccines which gives the body an active response thatproduces neutralizing antibodies. And the other is Rabies immune glo buling (RIG)which even though it provides a quick immunizing result it is estimated to last 19-21 dayswhich is a very short period of time with the effect.

Exploring Existentialism and the Character Leanord in the Film, Memento

Exploring Existentialism and the Character Leanord in the Film, MementoAlthough Christopher Nolan does not acknowledge any philosophic basis for Memento, the film provides a character, Leonard Shelby, who serves as an example of several aspects of existentialism. Through Leonard, Memento illustrates Soren Kierkegaards idea of truth as subjectivity, Freidrich Nietzsches notion that God is dead, and Jean-Paul Sartres writings on the nature of consciousness.In Concluding Unscientific Postscript, Kierkegaard differentiates between the subject as the knower, and the world (object) as the known the only counselling we know the world is finished ourselves. Kierkegaard emphasizes the importance of how the subject is related to the truth, and not the what (content) of the objective. He asserts that the truth can only exist in the subject, for if it lies in the world, we could never access (know) the truth the way we know ourselves. Kierkegaard explains that we can only discover the truth b y turning inward passionate inwardness is essential to finding the truth, as it is the way in which the subject is seeking the truth the more passion the subject has, the closer she/he comes to the truth. Passionate inwardness is fueled by objective uncertainty if an individual sees objective proof of her truth, she will become less passionate however, when she does not find reassurance in the objective, her inward passion will lead her to the (her) truth. This paradox relies on the subject believing passionately in the truth that exists in her while believing in a lack of objective support for that truth.Fridreich Nietzsche writes in The festal Science God is dead....And we have killed him, (99, existential philosopher Philosophy) referr... ...f existence before essence is echoed when switch tells Leonard that he (Leonard) doesnt even know who he is when Leonard answers he is his past self, Teddy cautions Thats who you were, not who youve become. While Leonard does not believe it, Teddy reminds him that he is responsible for his wifes death, not the men he tracks down and enjoys killing. Leonard refuses to acknowledge that he is his actions, to which Sartre would say there is no reality except in action (316, Existentialist Philosophy). Leonard seems to avoid responsibility for his freedom, most likely because he does see who he has become. Memento is a poignant affirmation that our actions make us who we are and that we are in fact responsible for the choices we make, whether we face our freedom, or flee from our anxiety as Leonard does. Now, where was I...?Existentialist PhilosophyMemento

Legislation and Prostitution: Do They Coincide? :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Legislation and Prostitution Do They Coincide? Throughout research the question What exactly is the definition of pornography?, has been asked several times. This is the answer to this very commons question, according to the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (1973), pornography is Written, graphic, or other forms of communication intended to excite lascivious feelings. Pornography organism such a broad topic as it is has been reduced and in this reading the basis of pornography, will be centered around, Legislation in crack up with Prostitution. Prostitution. What comes to mind when one hears this word? Cheap, degrading, trashy, offensive,...any other adjectives come to mind? What about accepted? Shocking as it may seem, but research has shown that in the twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries, prostitution was accepted. Prostitution is defined as a soci every(prenominal)y identifiable group of women (who) earn their living principally or exclusively from the medico of their bodies. There were certain rules however, a prostitute was not allowed to be with good men and could not be near the church. Prostitution became institutionalized by the 15th Century and if a prostitute lived on a public street she was punished. Their punishment for their first offense was only a fine, but by their thirdly offense they had to pay a fine and were also punished by running the town, beating, and banishment from the town. These were the laws and if disobeyed, that was the punishment. At the time this book, Bad Girls and Dirty Pictures, was written thither were no laws against pornographic material in any form. In fact, The First Amendment to the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution states that, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the reform of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a red ress of grievances. This right is either absolute or it does not exist. Anywhere in the First Amendment was there any violation of what pornography stands for? There was not any laws that enkindle the violation of pornography. These are laws against things that are considered obscene or too explicit. If there were no laws, movies would not be rated and magazines of any sort, would be available anywhere and to all age groups. Some

The Social and Cultural Costs and Benefits of Entering a Sport Not Trad

The Social and Cultural Costs and Benefits of Entering a Sport Not Traditional to Your Sex/Gender end-to-end clipping, sports have been thought of as feminine sports or masculine sports. roughly sports that are thought of as feminine are gymnastics, swimming, tennis, riding, and ice-skating. These tend to be sports that punctuate beauty and grace. Mens sports tend to emphasize strength and power, like football, basketball, or bodybuilding. The social and cultural stereotypes that are placed on men and especially women in the sports world roll in the hay be hard for an athlete to deal with. Men are expected to be masculine and strong in their sports, while females are expected not to overexert themselves and still keep their feminine appeal. Who is to say what sports are okay for men and women to participate in? Is it fair to place stereotypes on people who are just doing what they love to do? Will these stereotypes diminish over time? In history, women have been given a hard tim e for coming into sports. Since at least the late 1800s there have been myths about women in sports, some of which we are still working on debunking to this day. Some include the notion that sport masculinizes women, sports are medically risky for women, the female body was not made for sports performance, women are not interested in sports, and women cannot psychologically take the pressure of sports (Oglesby & Shelton, 9). Women were seen as fragile and unable to compete on the same level as men could in sports. Women of this time who played softball, basketball, or track were considered unladylike and were questioned of their femininity (Spears, 13). Public recognition of individual female athletes deals more with their feminine beauty and status than to athlet... ...ting could become a role fabric for a young boy who thought that people would think that he was gay if he skated.Although there are cultural and social costs associated with a person entering a sport that is not tr aditional for his or her gender, there are also some benefits. The question that only the athlete can answer is whether the benefits out weigh the costs enough to stick with it. I have hope that stereotypes in sports will become less observed. Sports have changed so much in the last century. Women were barely allowed to play certain sports like basketball at the turn of the last century and now we have master womans basketball. More changes are coming, slowly but surely they are coming. Just the fact that we are now questioning the costs and benefits of being in a sport that is not necessarily for your gender/sex is a step in the right direction.

Making America a Better Place Essay

America has had many great leaders in its history. They were exclusively great though they all had diametric strategies. Leaders also come in different packages like some were presidents and some were just common people that influenced people. It does not matter what they were or what strategies they used they all wanted the best for America and led it through tough times and change. Two leaders American leaders that admire ar Martin Luther King Jr. and Eisenhower. They both gave meaningful speeches our nation.Dr.King gave a great inspirational speech in Memphis, Tennessee in order to push civil rights send, period Eisenhower gave a farewell speech saying good bye to our nation. One thing that Dr. King and Eisenhower had differently in their speeches was their purpose. Dr. Kings purpose was to prod the black community to fight for their equal rights and fix Americas racism problem. On the other hand Eisenhower was motivating the citizen to keep America progressing forward and c autiously without him. The only similarity that their purpose has is that they motivate a group of people living in America.A similarity is that they both repetition in their speeches. Dr. King uses it to engage more motivation form his audience. For example Dr. King repeats If I had sneezed to show that great things have happened and will continue to happen. Eisenhower also uses repetition, he repeat Night to his audience to emphasize that he is leaving the presidency to become a common citizen. These great leaders might have had different purposes and different strategies but their main goal was to make America a better.

Analysis of SDB

This cogitation aims to provide an analysis of a proposed investment in Sheen Development Bank (SAD) by uncut in 2002 and assess whether the P/B proportion of 1. 6 for Unabridged to pay for its 18% stake in SAD is appropriate. The analysis of Newbies learnedness of Sads stocks Is based on several aspects of Sads asset quality, earnings capability and capital adequacy. According to price-to-book symmetry of SOBs Industry peers and some acquisition precedents by foreign Investors, Unabridged made a correct decision that It paid 1. Times book value of Sads stake on basis of SOBs accomplishment. This Is because of Sads gritty P/B ratio and low ROE Indicating that SOBs share price was overvalued therefore, Unabridged acquisition of Sads stocks was appropriate with a P/B ratio of 1. 6. Finally, this report provide a reasonable recommendation for Investors to make a correct occultation decision In terms of real profitability of occultation targets. Table of contents Four Chinese bank s had begun to accept investments from foreign banks or financial investors since 1999.As a listed bank with huge developing potentials, SAD was snagged by government officers and encumbered by massive low-quality loans which resulted in high Naps, an under-capitalized balance weather sheet and disappointing profitability. In order to bring to SAD the best management practices and expertise in banking, the Sheen government was to begin with seeking long-term foreign strategic investors. Therefore, SAD decided to sell its four Joint shareholders 18% non-traceable legal person stake of SAD.At the same time, Newbies boffo experience in South Korean bank and its strong expertise in financial institution significantly enhanced the quality of its loan portfolio and its operate performance. Then, Unabridged was actively acquiring Sads 18% stake in order to improve Sads bad performance. This report will analyze how Sads ratios in its balance sheet influence Newbies acquisition decision as to Sads price-to-book ratio. The paper also Justifies that Unabridged pays 18% Sads shares with a reasonable P/B ratio. 3. 0 Main bole 3. Asset quality Difficulties in cash flows in a bank are always caused by a high catch a wink ratio. NAP ratio is a crucial tool to assess a banks performance, which is calculated as net non- reforming loans divided by total gross loans. Banks often report their NAP ratio as a measure of the quality of their outstanding loans. The high the NAP ratio, the more possibility such returns will be lost and frailness versa. As is shown in the Appendix 2, the NAP ratio decreased from 22. 7% to 1 1. 6% during the period from 2000 to 2002 Compared with Sads industry peers, Sads NAP ratio is higher than the mean(a) amount of its peers.The NAP ratio of SAD was only below Bosoms, but far higher than other Joint-stock banks in 2002. Sads NAP ratio was 1 1. 6% in 2002, to some extents, this ratio means that Sads cash flows were falling into much more troub les and difficulties than other Joint-stock banks. On the other hand, Loan Loss Reserves by Gross Loans determines the quality of loans of a bank. LARK is a percentage that reflects accumulated provision expenses and gives an indication of the managements expectation of future loan losses. The higher the ratio, the more rummy the loans are and vice versa.The LARK ratio of SAD declined from 7. 1% to 3. 9% from 2000 to 2002, which was approximately the them. Although the LARK ratio of SAD decreased by nearly 3% during these lead ears, Sads loan loss reserves increased almost 100 million. By comparison with its industry peers, Sads LARK/NAP was largely lower than the intermediate level. Hence, Sads high NAP ratio led to a low asset quality in 2002. 3. 2 Earnings capability Obviously, Sads net interest rim declined by 1% from 2000 to 2002 compared with its industry peers, Sads net interest margin was 0. % higher than the average ratio of other five Joint-stock banks in 2002. This ind icates that Sads ability of making meshing is stronger than the average level. Meanwhile, Sads non-interest income level ND operating expense were above the average level in 2002. Nevertheless, Sads thunder was 0. 9% in 2000 and was only 0. 3% in 2002. This ratio was merely half of the average ROAR of other five Joint-stock banks in 2002 indicating that Sads profitability of the assets was relatively weak as well as its ROAR at the same time. Sads ROAR was only one-third of the average ROAR of five Joint-stock banks.Therefore, Sads performance was not frank compared with its industry peers the reason of Sads bad performance is that an increasing assets generating low net income. 3. 3 Capital adequacy In commercial banking, capital adequacy ratio ( railcar) is used to monitor a banks patch of capitalization by regulators and managers. CAR is calculated as the sum of tier 1 capital (equity and retained earnings) and tier 2 capital (subordinated debt and reserves) and dividing it by its risk-weighted assets. Sads CAR decreased from 10. 6% in December 2001 to 9. % in December in 2002, but still above the Chinese regulatory floor of 8%. It is in particular worth mentioning here that Sobs CAR was 0. 7% higher than the average CAR of other five Joint-stock banks in 2002. Not all the mime the CAR is good if high a high CAR means that a banks large amount of money is stuck in provisions or risk management, and there would be fewer money left for investment or for the continuation of some activities. Therefore, from the situation of Sobs declining CAR, SAD suffered in substantial loan quality troubles caused by its unforesightful credit management. . 4 Price-to-book ratio It would be appropriate for Unabridged to pay 1. 6 times book value to get 18% stocks of SAD. There were some precedent that foreign banks and financial investors acquired domestic banks minority-stake from 1999 to 2001. For example, AFC acquired Bank of Shanghai 5% stake at a price-to-book ratio of 1. 5 in September of 1999 and acquired 15% stake of Nanjing City Commercial Bank at a price-to-book ratio of 1. 2 in November 2001. Even if Newbies acquisition of Sads stake at the price-to-book ratio of 1. Is higher than Ifs however, it was still lower than the average ratio of other three domestic listed banks. Significantly, the price-to-book ratio of SAD was around 5. 5 to 5. 9 from 2002 to 2003 and at the same, the other three banks average price-to-book ratio was 3. 1 to 2. 2. Hence, the appropriate ululation range should be below 2. 2 for Newbies acquisition. As we can calculate that the ROE of SAD was decrease from 12. 07% to 9. 02% from 2000 to 2002. P/B provides a valuable reality inspection for investors seeking growth at a reasonable price.Large differences between P/B and ROE, a key growth indicator could sometimes send up a red flag on companies. As a result. Sads low ROE and high P/B ratio indicate that Sads shares were overvalued at that time. If a companys ROE is Unabridged pays 1. 6 times book value that is far lower than Sads price-to-book ratio, it would be an appropriate decision. . 0 Conclusion By way of conclusion, this report introduces the background of Chinese banks stocks acquired by foreign financial investors and analyzes lots of ratios in Sads balance sheet.The report also proves that Unabridged paying 1. 6 times book value through assessing Sads asset quality, earning capability, capital adequacy and comparing its industry peers P/B ratio and analyzing the relationship between P/B ratio and ROE ratio is appropriate. In addition, this report provides a considerable recommendation for investors to acknowledge a banks real performance. 5. 0 Recommendations However, much attention should be paid to comparing a banks key ratios analysis before acquisition its stocks for foreign investors.

Controversies as a Result of the Alien and Sedition Acts Essay

In the late 1700s and into the early 1800s, large controversies over the Alien and the mutiny Acts, containing four bills, took place. Some of the controversies included immigration, slander and libel of the government, and states rights. While the controversy set the stage for Jeffersons election, it also left some in filtrate and unsettled states. The Alien and Sedition Acts brought many disagreements upon the states. The Acts had two bills that reckoned to stand out most among the government.The second bill of the Alien and Sedition Acts gave the President power to have all such aliens as he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United Stats. Just before the Acts were created, President George Washington wrote to the Vice-President John Adams in 1794 of his believe that immigrants brought with them not only their language, but their ha dapples and formal morals too. Later, he goes on to say, that this is not particularly a bad thing because as prison term goes on, as generations grow, all people will become one.Just before that though, in 1785, Thomas Jefferson had made close to the same note, but a bit different. He believed it would be a miracle for the morals and beliefs of the immigrants to halt in changing at the exact point of liberty. He believed that infusing the aliens into our United States would create a heterogeneous, incoherent, confuse mass. Altogether, immigration was an extremely controversial topic.Each person had their own opinion, especially the rising parties who seemed to almost separate the nation more. While the Acts had allowed the President this power, it also proscribed the slander of libel of the President or any other part of the government. It seems to almost be a coincidence. After this was passed, Federalist prosecutors arrested more than twenty Republican publisher editors and politicians. The Federalists had accused them of sedition, and convicted and jailed a number of them.Many believed that this pa rt of the Sedition Act was against the First Amendment that forbade the abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press. As a matter of fact, the Republicans really tried to stick the Sedition Act as a violation of the First Amendment, although it did not appeal to the Supreme Court. This was because the Court was not sure how to check up on the case considering the board was made up of mostly Federalists. Jefferson sent a letter to Francis Hopkinson of Pennsylvania clearing up a rumor that he was a Federalist.He states that he never submitted the whole system of (his) opinions to the creed of any party of men whatever in religion, in philosophy, in politics, or in anything else where I was capable of thinking for myself. Last, but definitely not least, was the issue of whether or not the states had a right to judge the Constitution. After the Republicans tried to charge the Sedition Acts as a violation against the Constitution, Madison and Jefferson looked to the state legisl ature which led to their declaring the Alien and Sedition Acts to be unauthoritative, void, and of no force. This resolution set off a states rights interpretation of the Constitution, asserting that the states had a right to judge the legitimacy of national laws.Albert Gallatin, a Democratic-Republican congressman from Pennsylvania, made a speech in the digest of Representatives on the proposed Sedition Act wherein he stated, The only evidences brought by the supporters of this bill consist of writings expressing an opinion that certain measures of government have been dictated by an unwise policy, or by improper motives, and that some of them are unconstitutional. The Alien and Sedition Acts caused many controversies. The controversies led to many letters and arguments with the government. With this being said, the major problems seem to have been the topics of immigration, slander and libel of the government, and states rights. Although, after these controversies developed over the Acts, the Acts were then rethought. It is often wondered, even now, why the Alien and Sedition Acts were ever passed in the foremost place.

Paper on “Night” by Elie Wisel

Elies Spiritual Journey In Elie Wisels Night, Elie goes through an incredible spiritual change. In the beginning of his book he is var. to become the most devoted Jew he can. This is illustrated by his crying because something inside me felt the need to cry as he was praying in the temple. His devotion to Judism is likewise shown by his desire to study the Kabbalah. When his father discourages him from studying this world of mysticism Elie begins looking for his own teacher, and he finds Moishe the Beadle. Moishe helps Elie see why he prays and guide him in the teaching of the Kabbalists.One of the first times Elies faith is tested is when he first gets to Birkenau and sees the crematorium. There people are expecting death yet his father says May His light upon be celebrated and sanctified. Elie gets mad at his father for saying this, because Elie had an expectation from his devotion to Judism. He expects to have a long life with minimal trials thank to his devotion. However, whe n his faith is tested he says For the first time I felt anger rising within me. Why should I sanctify His name? The omnipotent and terrible Master of the Universe, chose to be silent.What was there to thank him for? This shows he is disappointed in matinee idol. The Bible says give thanks in all circumstances, for this is Gods will for you in Christ Jesus (1 Thessalonians 518) Elies attitude is not thankful and even hating. We see that Elie also feels like God has left Elie and the Jews. In chapter 4 a young boy is hanged from the gallows. As he slips in and out of death someone says For Gods sake, where is God? Elie says Where He is? This is where hanging here from this gallows. Elie now believes God is all of a sudden or has forgotten about His people.His response shows that he has begun to totally disregard God, and even question himself as well as his faith. Elie is upset that God is allowing the Jews to be slaughtered. You have betrayed (the inmates) allowing them to be tortured, slaughtered, gassed, and burned What do they do? They pray before you They praise your name This statement from chapter 5, during Rosh Hashanah, shows that Elie is definitely mad at God for let the Holocaust happen. The next two paragraphs show how Elies faith has been shattered. I knew my sins grieved the Almighty so I pleaded for forgiveness. . . however, now I no longer pleaded for anything. . . I was the accuser, God the accused. These two statements reveal that Elie feels the power of the Holy Spirit to ask for forgiveness, yet he ignores it. He chooses instead to accuse God and to block out His voice. disdain all these times when he has denied God, Elie still begins his Nobel Peace Prize speech with a prayer. He goes on to talk about a small boy (him) that has emerged from the Kingdom of Night, the Holocaust. He said A young Jewish boy discovered the Kingdom of Night. I remember his bewilderment, I remember his anguish. It all happened so fast. Elie also talks ab out his Judism. He tells everyone that his First response is to Jewish fears. He wants everyone to know that he will not stand by as his people are persecuted. As he draws his speech to a close he says, Should Israel lose but one war, it would mean her end and ours as well. But I have faith. This comment as well as his entire speech, shows that Elie has, perhaps, restored his faith in God, despite his bitterness. However, only God knows his heart. Only God knows what that diminished boy crying in the temple went through, as he traveled through the Kingdom of Night.

My First Day in School

Today also when I recall my old memories of aim I become delighted and happy. First day of my school when I admitted in class I. When first time I entered in my school numerous felling were aroused in my mind and i was felling nervous and bit tensed. Although I was not a brilliant student not knowing even alphabets my teachers helped me in learning the alphabetsThat was the time when my first class began Manisha Maam entered in the class room e genuinely student stood up and greeted bang-up morning Maam in return Maam replied rattling good morning sit down I also followed them Maam teaches us alphabets and how to use those alphabets in formulating the sentences and words then bell rang Maam went outside. Again next teacher entered in the class room and we stood up and greeted good morning Maam. Maam did not recognised my face as she had never seen me before in the class she immediately asked me the question very politely Is this your first class? I replied yes Maam then she asked my name I answered Rashda Khanam she say ok Rashda sit down her name was Priyanka very soft, polite and beautiful too. Again the bell rang this time no physical structure entered in the class room and every student went away along with their lunch box. My fuss also gave me the lunch box filled with alu paratha and tomatao chutney. I opened the box and started eating, suddenly my one of my classmate again entered in the class room and said me very politely why are you seating alone? come outside I went outside with her along with my lunch box and water nursing bottle hanging in my neck, we all shared our lunch and I became friendly with every trunk in the first day of my school, bell rang recess over every body were settled down at their respective places and waiting for the next teacher to come, within 5 mins miss Angilee entered in the class room and asked for the assignment she depute previous day I found the teacher trict I was seating silently, miss wrote some arithmetics on the blackboard 45 mins passed bell rang every body came out from the class waited for their guardian at the door to come and took them. I saw my father was standing outside with chocolate ice-cream my favourite and then happily I reached my home and shared my first day experience with my parents. So this was my first day school and I am very pleased in recalling that day.

10 Schedule Management Plan Essay

The pilot protrude schedule is the roadmap for how the ensure lead be executed. This part of our project as it provides the project team up, sponsor, and sponsor, and stakeholders a picture of the projects status at any given time. The purpose of the schedule management plan is to define the approach the project team will social function in creating the project schedule. This plan also includes how the team will monitor the project schedule and manage changes after the baseline schedule has been approved. This includes identifying, analyzing, documenting, prioritizing, approving or rejecting and publishing all schedules-related changes.Schedule Management ApproachProject schedules for the pilot project will be created using MS Project 2010 starting with the deliverables indentified in the projects Work Breakdown Structure (west by south). Activity definition will identify the specific work packages which must be performed to fuck separately deliverable. Activity sequencing wil l be apply to determine the order of work packages and assign relationships between project activities. The duration of activity estimating will be used to calculate the number of work periods required to complete work packages. Resource estimating will be used to assign mental imagerys to work packages in order to complete schedule development.See more My Writing Process EssayOnce a preliminary schedule has been developed, it will be reexaminationed by the project team and any resources tentatively assigned to project tasks. The project team and resources must agree to the proposed work package assignments, durations and schedule. Once this is achieved the project sponsor will review and approve the schedule and it will then be baselined.The following will be designates as milestones for the project schedule Completion of scope statement and WBS Baselined project schedules Approval of final project budget Project kick-off Approval of roles and responsibilities Requirements definition approval Completion of data mapping Project implementation betrothal of final deliverablesRoles and responsibilities for schedule development are followingThe project manager Richard will be responsible for facilitating work package definition, sequencing, and estimating duration and resources with the project team. The project manage will also create the project schedule using MS Project 2010 and validate the schedule with the project team, stakeholders and the sponsors of the project. The project manager will obtain schedule approval from the project sponsor and baseline the schedule.The project team is responsible for participating in work package definition, sequencing and duration and resource estimating. The project team will also review and validate the proposed schedule and perform assigned activities once the schedule is approved.The project sponsor will move in reviews of the proposed schedule and approve the final schedule before it is baselined.The proje ct stakeholders will participate in reviews of the proposed schedule and assist in its validation.

St. Johns River, North Florida

The St. Johns I have had many experiences with the St. Johns River in my life. For as long as I can remember I have lived less than a mile from this river. Every activity from boating, to canoeing, or look foring I have through with(p) in the river, and every time the wet has check offmed clean. Over the geezerhood the St. Johns River has acquired a bad reputation for being nasty or dangerous. Anything from flesh eating bacteria from algal blooms to bull sharks have been rumored to be lurking in its waters. Though some of these rumors be true and some of them are false, one result non die upon touching the water. However, the St.Johns does need some extra attention ground on tests, past and current programs, and the slant macrocosm. Many tests performed on the river reflect that the water is relatively clean. put forward officials over Volusia and Seminole counties have noticed that on that point is the potential for a water shortage in the bordering couple days due to population increases. If nothing is done, the ground water in this area lead run out. A plan is being proposed to use surface water from the St. Johns River to supplement the ground water. stir officials believe they can filter the water from the St. Johns of bacteria and use this water for drinking water. Ann Givens) The fact that the put in is considering using the water in the St. Johns for drinking water shows that the water quality is good. If there were severe algal blooms, the state would not consider trying to filter the water. Many tests performed on the river are in solvent to the paper mills enter on the river. There is one mill in particular address on Rice Creek outside of Palatka. The countervail water from these paper mills is dumped from pipes into the river. Ten old age agone these mills were forced to upgrade their equipment due to a toxin being released called Dioxin.Dioxin is chemical that can sweat cancer produced by the chlorine reactions in the mill. The older equipment was believed to be allowing this toxin to unravel into the St. Johns River. Two years ago another test was done on the Rice Creek and traces of Dioxin are still present. The general effect is that Dioxin has remained in creek residue. (Patterson, S. ) Tests similar to this are done throughout the river. The residue remaining from the Dioxin is only present in Rice Creek and is not present throughout the water system. This essay to control the Dioxin shows progress.Scientists set that the Dioxin was present and the source and took severe action to eliminate the expansion of Dioxin. Though this effort was necessary and applauded, efforts directly need to be made toward eliminating the remaining residue and removing Dioxin from the river completely. Many programs and funds have been devoted to improving the water of the St. Johns River. A major act proposed in the 1970s was the modify Water Act of 1972. The Clean Water Act forced Floridians to find bodies of water that are impaired due to higher normality levels.Once established, the state had to institute total maximum insouciant loads for each of these bodies of water. The total maximum daily load (TMDL) is established based on the maximum amount of pollutant that the water body can sop up without exceeding water quality standards. ( Lynette, M. ) This act made progress in reducing the level of newton being added in the river. Though this act passed in 1972 the problem is still present. Over the years, Florida has seen 80,000 acres of its wetlands developed. (Littlepage, R. L. This results in less water present in the system and more nitrogen in the ground water from stack fertilizing their yards. If the population in central Florida continues to expand and the wetlands continue to disappear, the presence of algal blooms and the reduction of the fish population go out never stop. The water removed and nitrogen added will continue to create a steeper imbalance. Also with developm ent, central Florida is trying to come water from the St. Johns for drinking water for their excessively long population.This will just make the nitrogen to water imbalance even steeper. Rules and regulations need to ether be put on wetlands destruction, fertilizer use, and population limits in central Florida based on how many people their water supply can sustain. In 2006 a large sum of money was devoted to the effort of preserving the St. Johns River. Twenty seven million dollars was devoted to reducing the amount of nutrients, worry nitrogen, entering the river and increasing standards for companies like Jacksonville Electrical Authority (JEA) who dump into the St. Johns River.The mayors office made JEA increase its standards for dumping waste water into the river and expand its programs for reusing water. This would reduce the amount of waste water dumped in the river and reduce the amount of bruising chemicals that enter the river from the JEA plant. (Littlepage, R. L. ) A major concern in the St. Johns is the fish population. The largest pollutant in the river is nitrogen from excess fertilizers that flow into the groundwater and into the river. The plant life of the river feed on this nitrogen. More nitrogen then leads to more plants.As the plant population increases problems such as algal blooms on the surface of the water occur. With the algal bloom situation the pull down section of the water is blocked or partially blocked from sunlight. This leads to less plant life on the floor of the river and thus less oxygen in the water. With the lack of oxygen the fish population will plummet soon after. In 1994, an experienced abstruse angler by the name of Doug Gilley did an interview for the Orlando Sentinel. In this article he provided his professional insight on the change destruction of the bass population from 1984 to 1994.Ten years before this article was written, it would be no surprise for him to catch 10, 20 or even 50 fish in a day. (Wilso n, D) Doug was not the only one who had noticed this drastic decrease in the bass population. State fisheries agreed with him. They have noticed that the large bass almost have disappeared from the river and that the lean of mid-sized bass are declining. (Wilson, D. ) I personally have noticed the decline of fish from the river. My brother and I are avid fisherman and enjoy angle for just about anything.We lived a quarter of a mile from the river so often we would take my grandfathers bass boat and go fishing in the river. However, no matter how much we prepared, we would never catch more than maybe one or two fish. This change shows how all the different pollutants are having a large impact on the fish population and if action is not taken species like the largemouth bass could be eliminated from the river. Fishing is not the only recreational activity that takes place in the St. Johns. Activities such as skiing and tubing take place daily during the spring and summer months.The se are essential for Floridas economy. When people are exhalation out in their boats, many aspects of the economy are helped. People must buy gas for their boat, nourishment to eat while they are on the boat, and other items. This also attracts tourists. By my house at a local marina, every summer they hosted a stimulateboard camp for people to come learn how to wake board. Hundreds of people would come to learn how to wakeboard and have fun in the water. These people bought many things during their stop consonant thus boosting the Florida economy. However, if the water is not maintained and kept clean, events like these cannot occur.Tourists would not be willing to present in the water and would take their business elsewhere thus restricting north Floridas economy. In closing, the St. Johns River is not dangerous as far swimming and boating are concerned but there are pollutants being dumped into the river that need to be addressed or eliminated. If nothing is done, based on t ests done on the water, past and current programs, and the fish population the wildlife, the quality of the St. Johns will continue to plummet. The river damage will become impossible to fix and potentially impossible to swim or use for any recreation.The repercussions of this would be exponential. Water shortages could occur along with Jacksonville losing its appeal as somewhere to live. Citations Page Ann Givens of The Sentinel Staff. (2001, Feb 16). St. Johns River may relieve our thirst the St. Johns water district plans to process river water in a three- year test to see if it can be made drinkable. Orlando Sentinel. Lisenby, L. (2007, Jul 11). Growth must be controlled to protect the St. Johns River. Florida Times Union. Littlepage, R. L. (2006, Jan 10). St. Johns Rivers health deserves major effort.Florida Times Union. Lynette, M. M. , John, R. W. , & K, R. R. (2004). Nitrogen and phosphorus flux rates from sediment in the lower St. Johns River estuary. daybook of Environm ental Quality, 33(4), 1545-1555. Patterson, S. (2010, Aug 10). With mill pipeline still in doubt, old dioxin haunting rice creek seek Traces of a cancer-causing substance could still exist and be funneled into the St. Johns River. McClatchy Tribune Business News. Wilson, D. (1994, Sep 09). Veteran angler says bass fishing on St. Johns River deteriorating. Orlando Sentinel.

Mystery stories Essay

I studied one-third short stories, the ruby-red Room, the Signalman and the flecked grade insignia. The stories be both linked together as they completely have a sense of whodunit, however they all have a different emphasis. The flecked Band is a detective, capital punishment mystery narration yet the other dickens are locomote stories. both of the stories were scripted before 1914. It was around this time that people had gained a fascination with the criminal mind they want the idea of the clumsy criminal being outsmarted and captured by the genius detective.The Victorians in equivalent manner had a liking for the whole kit and boodle of the mind/psychoanalysis compulsive against the interest in the spirit world and the supernatural. When they were first used, the railways represented glamour and mystique, and were the most advanced mode of transport. At the time of the Victorians they had an interest in scientific advances, so you had the conflict between this int erest and the interest in the spiritual world, for example, in the Red Room the aged people believed in ghosts, however the man did not, the author did this in a way to provide conflict, as arguments could be brought up from both sides.In general, all mystery stories have a impressioning of serious fear, meaning we outhouse relate to the characters and the liveing of tension, this is created as the author involves the subscriber in the grade by including questions or puzzles for them to solve, making them recover as though they are involved in the story. However, the commentators feel safe in the knowledge that this is equit satisfactory a story, if they at any time feel jeopardize they can put the book down and return to reality. The Speckled Band is a story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and was first published (along with the other eleven books out of the first collection) in 1892.It is a murder mystery story and the plot line, to me, is simple someone dies, Holme s is called in, he point outs clues that the reader reads but doesnt notice the significance until the end of the story (when all is explained), eventually Holmes reveals who the criminal is and how exactly he solved the mystery before the police (Scotland yard) solved it and in that locationfore once again made himself to look like a genius detective. The theme of mystery starts at the beginning of the story, when a pretermit Helen Stoner reveals her problem and how she believed it happened.Holmes makes trusted the reader knows he is a genius detective by pointing out little insignificant things that goose egg else would look for. Such as, how Miss Helen Stoner arrived to his office that day (he noticed the return train book in the left hand palm of her glove, and noticed that the left arm of her jacket was splattered in no less than seven places with mud and in that respect was no vehicle, save the dog-cart which throws up mud in that way). From this, the reader puts their faith in Holmes and recognise the skill he has, from this theyll just know hes the one who volition figure out the mystery behind the complex problem he ids faced with.This could ruin the story, depending on your view of what a good mystery story is, as at that places no open ending. Once you have read the story once you will never be able to read it in the same way again, the mystery disappears. However, it is for this reason that people in any case like reading these stories. They can admire Holmes brilliance and enjoy having the story explained to them. Tension is built up in the story as Helen Stoner explains her suspicions that her stepfather who is known to have a violent streak is the orca and his motive for the attack means that she herself could be in danger.The reader can distinguish this and fear for her safety. The teller in the story is Watson, Holmes sidekick. When the reader compares him to Holmes he seems dull-witted, he makes Holmes look good, and is often in the same mental state of confusion as the reader when the clues are at that place in front of us, waiting to be pieced together like a jigsaw. It is for this reason the reader feels that they can relate to Watson and acquit Holmes superiority.The reader can see the two (Holmes and Watson) have a close relationship as Holmes felt the invite to knock Watson up especially to see the new client (miss Helen Stoner), he knew Watson wouldnt want to miss out on this opportunity should it prove to be an interesting case, you would, I am sure, wish to attend it from the outset. The setting for this particular story is very detailed, as I would have to be to take out the significant clues, for example, the ventilator, the (dummy) bell rope, the whistle, the saucer of milk, and the metallic clanging of the safe.Despite all the clues there were only two main settings, the Manor house in which Miss Helen Stoner lived and the crime took place, and Holmes house, which is famously known as 22 1B Baker Street. The Signalman is a ghost story. Its author is Charles Dickens and the date it was written is unknown to me. Theres no one technique, which Dickens uses to create tension. It is created from the beginning with the mere settings of the story producing a feeling of unease. The signalman lives in isolation at the tunnel entrance to a railway cutting.The was in which the cashier (who is nameless) has to call Is there any path by which I can come down to you? shows the reader just how separate he is, as there is no obvious way of getting down, so there mustnt be any necessity to make a path way. His surprise at receiving this visitor is one of suspicion and generates more tension, his attitude was one of such expectation and watchfulness that explains to the reader he is ensnare for something to happen, he is ready to run away, and this is causing the reader to think that something is going to happen and the build up to that causes anxiety.The way in which the signalm an directs a cautious look to the light forms apprehension as the reader is calm down expecting something to happen. This is completely the opposite to the Sherlock Holmes story (the Speckled Band) as in that the author cute to be relaxed and comfortable with the story so far before he described the mystery by dint of Miss Helen Stoner. He produced this feeling of comfort by having a nice way with comfortable chairs, aliment and a nice warm fire.Also Holmes and Watson didnt give the impression that they were scared of their visitor, which is what is happening in the Signalman. As the storyline deepens the reader is still t superannuated little about the signalmans background to the reader, this helped form a more satisfactory atmosphere, as they all knew about her). The story does have its similarities to the Speckled Band however, as they give their explanations for what happened using a more scientific mind than a spiritual one.The narrator in the Signalman tries to show the s ignalman that the someone else, who he has seen before him, was nothing but a figment of his imagination he looks for rational explanations as he is sceptical about the idea of ghosts, and the reader can identify with this, just as the reader could identify with the narrator in the Sherlock Holmes stories (Watson). The difference in the Signalman being that the reader is unsure of this narrator, they preceptort know why hes there or why hes taking such an interest in the signalman himself.Hes therefore a mystery figure himself. As the plot thickens the reader is told the signalman has seen the spectre twice before, and each time there was a disaster that followed it. Therefore the pattern of three suggests that the third time the ghost appears there will be a disaster. It is this that keeps the reader interested it makes the reader want to keep reading on the queue up out why the spectre appears. Dickens deliberately leaves unanswered questions until the end to maintain the reade rs curiosity.However the story has a twist at the end of it, the ghost is warning the signalman of his own death. The two stories are also similar in the way that they both have all questions answered fully at the end, so again, as with the Speckled Band the readers of the Signalman will not be able to read the story in the same way again, they know the outcome, theres no mystery. The Red Room was written by H. G Wells and the date it was written, like the Signalman, is unknown to me.The story is like the Signalman meaning, it is another ghost story, and it is similar to the Speckled Band as it has a simple plot a man (narrator) sets out to prove there is nothing superstitious about a forbidden room, in which a young Duke died, whilst in the room he suffers from several superstitious events and ends up being knocked out, he still refuses to believe in ghosts though. It is set in a castle, a very stereotypical setting to host a ghost story. tending and suspicion about the room is cr eated by descriptions (which are very important in mystery stories) of the ring and the other characters. In this case its the three old people who believe in a ghost occupies the red room, claiming, Theres many a thing to see, and sorrow for. The specialness of these old people itself causes some sense of abnormality, with such descriptions as the man with the withered arm, the old woman sat staring into the fire, her pale eyes wide open and the man with the eye-shade (who couldnt depart from to cough and splutter).To have these three characters in a castle with descriptions including oak-panelling (old, dark, heavy), alcoves, candles (dim lighting, shadows), and statues and heavy furniture (in stereotypical ghost stories the statues come alive and join in the chase for the victim). The Red Room is now similar to the Speckled Band in the sense that the surroundings of suspicious events are in an enclosed space, as its inside, theres less likely chance of escape if being chased, if this happens the reader will feel more on edge.The reader shares their views with the narrator in the beginning. The narrator is down-to-earth and doesnt believe in a supernatural force occupying the room he argues eight-and-twenty years I have lived, and never a ghost I have seen, as yet this story is similar to the Signalman as the story focuses on the narrator trying to show the other characters that ghosts arent real, and then in the end, in both stories, the narrator is proven wrong.The Red Room is the complete opposite to the Speckled Band and the Signalman in the way that it doesnt answer all the questions at the end of the story, the narrator from the Red Room doesnt want to accept that he did infact fall victim to supernatural forces, he claimed he witnessed something worse than a ghost experience the worst of all things to haunt poor mortal man fear.All of these stories have similarities and differences they also fit the pattern of mystery stories. All the stories plu nge into action very early on into the story, and are focused, mainly, on one or two of the key points with very few characters over a relatively short space of time. The description is vital on building tension in the story all of the stories I studied described the surroundings well enough to form this feeling.I like The Red Room out of the three I chose to read, I liked it primarily due to the fact that it wasnt answered fully, the story was left open for my mind to come up with possible solutions. I would be able to read it again, and not have the main essence of a mystery story, mystery, taken out of it, like I believe happened in The Speckled Band and The Signalman and The Red Room you are unknown anonymous.You can find it easier to put the story down and walk away, but in The Speckled Band Watson (the narrator) is needed, you feel the need to continue reading because Sherlock Homes himself asked you to be with him on the investigation (your presence might be invaluable) you feel as though you have betrayed him if you walk away from the story. And though I dont like detective stories, I found this one the most fascinating out of the ones I studied for that reason.

Zoonotic Diseases

Introduction Zoonotic diseases be infectious diseases which earth- culminationt be transmitted from puppets to man. Due to everyday wholesaler and domestication of wildlife animals, zoonotic diseases be increasingly becoming to a greater extent than prevalent. Public parks and gardens argon home to abundant macrocosms of sniggers. One of the most frequent species cognize to succeed in such areas are uncivilized pigeon (Columba livia). Although there are few reports of disease transmitting surrounded by pigeons and adult male, their close interaction with humans and ability to carry zoonotic pathogens make them a public wellness lay on the line.In fact, these birds are present at very high densities (2,000 individuals per km2) and stub c everyplace a maximum standoffishness of 5. 29 km (Dickx et al. , 2010). This may result in the increase risk of pathogen contagious disease among other birds and potentially to humans. Studies have shown that most infect pigeons do not show signs of clinical disease. These birds may therefore ride a public health risk to the human population. Pigeons, like many other bird species, muckle harbor diseases that can be zoonotic in nature. One of the pathogens most frequently carried by pigeons is Chlamydophila psittaci. C. sittaci is an withstand intracellular bacteria that ca delectations a disease in birds known as Psittacosis or avian Chlamydiosis. Psittacosis is highly contagious and a great deal subjects influenza-like symptoms, weighty pneumonia and non-respiratory health problems. Birds can shed this bacteria in the milieu when they are either overtly ill or without any symptoms. C. psittaci occurs most frequently in psittacine birds such as parrots, macaws, parakeets. However, non-psittacine birds including pigeons, doves and myna bird birds can also harbour the infectious agent (Greco, Corrente, & adenine Martella, 2005).Therefore, pigeons are thought to be an underestimated reference book of hu man chlamydiosis. Studies have shown that pigeons pose a substantial zoonotic risk as are often shown to be naturally infected with a number of viruses, bacteria, fungi and phylum Protozoa that are pathogenic to humans. The potential for zoonotic transmission is increase as these birds live in close pinch with human beings. The aim of this overview is to present the zoonotic potential of C. psittaci in infected vicious pigeon populations, in the context of its history, epidemiology and current approaches in treatment and prevention.Pigeon population in urban areas commonplacely known as urban, street or city pigeons, the roughshod rock dove (C. livia) is an abundant bird species that often thrive in streets, squares and parks where they come into close contact with humans. Pigeon populations in most large cities increased worldwide after World War II. They have made contributions of considerable importance to humanity, especially in times of war. Feral pigeons have been domest icated and were put to use by making them messengers due to their home abilities (Dickx et al. , 2010).Pigeons are one of the few animal species able to survive in our noisy and hectic cities. They are extremely adaptable, which also enables them to accept breeding places that are unnatural to them, e. g. on trees or over trial ventilation systems (Magnino et al, 2009). They are also a valuable enrichment to the urban environment as they have a cleaning up function by eating discarded food. In addition, they may represent as a tourist attraction as feeding and care of brutal pigeons may be reward spare-time activities for many people who enjoy the company of animals (Magnino et al, 2009).The extensive food supply and minimal predator population has indeed provided the ecological basis for the large populations that occur in most cities of the world. Chlamydophila psittaci in pigeons The increase of feral pigeon populations in many cities is a study cause of concern as they are a source of a large number of zoonotic agents. The most of the essence(predicate) pathogenic organism transmissible from feral pigeons to humans is Chlamydophila psittaci. In fact, studies in Europe have shown as high as 95. 6% seropositivity set for C. psittaci in feral pigeon populations (Magnino et al. 2009). C. psittaci an obligate intracellular bacterium causes avian chlamydiosis in birds and psittacosis in humans.The bacterium is familiarly recognised in psittacine birds such as parrots, macaws, cockatoos and parakeets. It is also indentified in non-psittacine birds such as pigeons, doves and mynah birds (Greco, Corrente, & Martella, 2005). There are at least six distinct serovars (A to F) of C. psittaci considered endemic in birds (Seth-Smith et al. , 2011). all(prenominal) serovar appears to be associated, though not exclusively, with a different group or order of irds, from which it is most commonly isolated. Genotype B is the most prevalent in pigeons, but the more than virulent genotypes A and D have also been discovered (Seth-Smith et al. , 2011). All serovars should be considered to be readily transmissible to humans. The avian strains can infect humans and other mammals, and may cause severe disease and even death. In line of descent to the devastating explosive outbreaks in the first half of the 20th century, the present outbreaks are characterized by respiratory signs and low mortality (Harkinezhad, Geens & Vanrompay, 2009).Chlamydophila psittaci has been demonstrated in about 465 bird species comprising 30 different bird orders (Greco, Corrente, & Martella, 2005). The highest transmittal rates are open up in psittacine birds and pigeons. The first case of C. psittaci zoonotic transmission from pigeons was described in 1941. A mother and her fille had picked up a sick feral pigeon in the street in New York City. The pigeon died after four days and, two weeks later, both mother and daughter developed psittacosis with fever and pneumonia (Dickx et al. , 2010).Since then, 47 zoonotic cases linked to pigeons have been reported (Dickx et al. , 2010). As a consequence, feral pigeon populations have been repeatedly blamed as vectors for the transmission of C. psittaci infections to humans. Caution is needed, as zoonotic transmission from feral pigeons is known to be an underestimated source of infection. Psittacosis in birds Transmission of C. psittaci primarily occurs from one infected bird to another susceptible bird in close proximity. The agent is usually excreted in pot and nasal discharges.From time to time, faecal shedding occurs and can be activated through prove caused by nutritional deficiencies, prolonged transport, overcrowding, chilling, breeding, egg laying, treatment or discourse (Vanrompay et al. , 2007). Bacterial excretion periods during natural infection can vary depending on virulence of the strain, infection dose and host immune status. The most common routes of transmission of C. psitta ci in nature are the inhalation and ingestion of contaminated material and, sometimes, ingestion (Vanrompay et al. , 2007). The bacterium can be also transmitted in the nest.In many species, such as columbiformes, transmission from name to young may occur through feeding, by regurgitation, while the contamination of the nesting site with infective can are also central sources of infection (Vazquez et al. , 2010). Also the transmission of C. psittaci may also be facilitated by arthropod vectors in the nest environment, but its occurrence has not been assessed in the wild. Vertical transmission has been demonstrated in other types of avian species. However, occurrence appears to be fairly low. Chlamydiosis is a common chronic infection of pigeons.C. psittaci infection may result in lethargy, anorexia, ruffled feathers, ocular and nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, diarrhea and excretion of green to discolor urates (West, 2011). Most infected feral pigeons are asymptomatic and latent carriers of C. psittaci, which makes it difficult to assess the risk of transmission of the bacterium to other animals, including humans. As mentioned earlier, increased shedding of the infectious agents may be triggered by stress factors such as other concurrent infections or infestations, lack of food, breeding and overcrowding.It is important to note that as the parsimony of nesting and roosting pigeons increases, the quality of life in the feral pigeon population deteriorates (Dickx et al. , 2010). In fact, excessive population density activates and stimulates regulation mechanisms that decimate nestlings and juvenile pigeons with infectious and parasitic diseases (Hedemma et al. , 2006). Crowded breeding places make pigeons behave more aggressively, which again mostly affects nestlings and juveniles that are the weakest members of the population, leading to a progressive spoiling of their physical condition.Thus, it is important for feral pigeon populations to be managed care fully in the urban environment to obtain an appropriate- sized and healthy population. Psittacosis in humans Although psittacine birds are the major source of human infection, outbreaks due to exposure to non-psittacine birds may also occur. The more common of these are due to exposure to pigeons, both wild and domestic. Humans most often convey infected by inhaling the organism when urine, respiratory secretions or dried faeces of infected birds are spread in the air as very fine droplets or dust particles (Smith et al. , 2011).Other sources of exposure include mouth-to-beak contact, a bite from an infected bird or handling the plumage and tissues of infected birds (Smith et al. , 2011). A study by Smith et al. (2011) suggests that more than half of the human cases were due to exposure to C. psittaci through contaminated dust, direct contact with pigeons through feeding and handling pigeons. In addition, about 40 of the cases resulted from transient contacts with feral pigeons su ch as eating lunch in a park frequented by pigeons, walking through a pigeon flock, and surviving in a neighbourhood frequented by pigeons (Vazquez et al. 2010). The disease in humans varies from a flu-like syndrome to a severe systemic disease with pneumonia and possibly encephalitis. The disease is rarely fatal in patients treated promptly and correctly. The pensiveness period is usually 514 days, but longer incubation periods are known (Smith et al. , 2011). Common symptoms of infection in humans include headache, chills, malaise and myalgia, with or without signs of respiratory involvement (Smith et al. , 2011). Therefore, awareness of the endangerment and early diagnosis are important. Transmission of psittacosis from human to human is rare but can occur.Transmission from humans to birds has not been documented. Diagnoses The diagnosis of C. psittaci infections in birds can be a problem because of the occurrence of saturnine infections in non-shedding clinically healthy bir ds. Isolation of C. psittaci is currently regarded as the standard method for the determination of participating infections of birds. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques have been also used to detect C. psittaci in samples of tissues, feces and respiratory specimens, and were found to be quite sensitive and rapid. Diagnoses can also be established by clinical monstrance and positive antibodies against C. sittaci using microimmunoflourescence (MIF) methods (Seth-Smith et al. , 2011). Conventional ELISA tests have been developed for detecting antibodies to C. psittaci in birds, however, it tends to sensitivity and specificity. discourse No commercial vaccine is available for avian chlamydiosis. Antibiotic treatment of birds is the usual response to known infections. Tetracyclines are usually considered the do drugss of choice although quinolones or macrolides have also been used (Tully, 2001). Chlortetracycline (CTC) is given on food depending on the bird species to be treat ed and type of food (Tully, 2001).Another drug that has also turn up to be effective is doxycycline, which has been used for injecting and to treat bird food/ drinking water. Tetracycline antibiotics are the drug of choice for C. psittaci infection in humans. Mild to moderate cases can be treated with oral doxycycline or tetracycline hydrochloride (West, 2011). Severely ill patients should be treated with intravenous (IV) doxycycline hyclate. Treatment with healthful drugs in humans usually lasts for 3 weeks while birds are treated for 45 days. Most C. psittaci infections are responsive to antibiotics within 1 to 2 days, however relapses can occur (Seth-Smith et al. 2011). Therefore sensible use of these drugs is very important, to prevent the development of drug-resistant bacterial strains Prevention Management of feral pigeon populations in the urban environment is a complex issue that requires careful planning. Education initiatives to communicate the health risks and recommen dations for minimizing these risks should primarily be enjoin at susceptible groups such as the elderly, young children, immunosupressed individuals, homeless, and occupationally exposed groups (Harkinezhad, Geens & Vanrompay, 2009).Children should be warned not to shell out sick or dead pigeons and immunocompromised individuals should be educated to carefully limit their contact with feral pigeons. Strict hygienic procedures should also be enforced when dealing with birds. Pigeon feeders should be encouraged to stop or limit their activity by implementing a feeding ban in defined urban areas (Harkinezhad, Geens & Vanrompay, 2009). Furthermore, preservation of urban hygiene is very important and should be included in the aims of administrators and health officials, as it will lead to a reduced and healthier feral pigeon population (Vazquez et al. , 2010).The relationship between feeding, overcrowding, and the downslope of living conditions of pigeons, should be the main co ncenter when educating the general public. Monitoring for C. psittaci infections over time, by direct detection of the organism and/or by specific antibody testing, should also be considered in those who are in frequent close contact with bird puplations (ie. occupationally exposed workers) (Smith et al. , 2011). In addition, preventive measures such as wearing contraceptive clothes with hoods, boots, gloves and air filter face masks should be worn when removing pigeon faeces from roofs, attics and/or buildings.Finally, for the sake of animal protection, visibly sick birds should be captured and taken into veterinary care where they should be appropriately treated with effective drugs such as tetracyclines, quinolones or macrolides (Seth-Smith et al. , 2011). . Conclusion Feral pigeons, more commonly known as urban or city pigeons, are present in both urban and rural areas all over the world. Due to frequent and close contact with people, pigeons are a public health concern as the y are a source of many zoonotic agents.In particular Chlamydophila psittaci, a bacterium known to cause psittacosis in both birds and humans (Harkinezhad, Geens & Vanrompay, 2009). Due to the growing population of pigeons, contact with infected pigeons or pathogen transmission is greatly increased. The infectious agent can be easily transmitted to humans through inhalation of contaminated dust and aerosols from infected pigeons or their feces. Once infected, people suffer from non-homogeneous conditions including mild influenza-like symptoms or severe pneumonia.In addition, the huge increase of feral pigeon populations in many cities is a major cause of concern due to the detrimental effect of pigeon droppings on environmental hygiene. Therefore it is important to monitor the health of both city bird populations and humans who come in close contact with possibly infected birds. As well, awareness and preventative measures must be taken into consideration when handling infected b irds or their feces. Furthermore, management of feral population and preservation of urban hygiene is very important in controlling psittacosis. Work Cited Aundria West.A brief review of Chlamydophila psittaci in birds and humans. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 2011. 20182. Dickx V, Beeckman D, Dossche L, Tavernier P, Vanrompay D. Chlamydophila psittaci in homing and feral pigeons and zoonotic transmission. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2010. 59 13481353. Greco G, Corrente M, Martella V. Detection of Chlamydophila psittaci in Asymptomatic Animals. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2005. 43 5410-5411. Harkinezhad T, Geens T, Vanrompay D. Chlamydophila psittaci infections in birds A review with emphasis on zoonotic consequences.Veterinary Microbiology. 2009. 135 6877. Heddema E, Sluis S, Buys J, Vandenbroucke-Grauls C, Van Wijnen J, Visser C. Prevalence of Chlamydophila psittaci in fecal droppings from feral pigeons in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. employ and Environmental Microbio logy. 2006. 34 44234425. Magnino S, Haag-Wackernagel D, Geigenfeind I, Helmecke S, Dovc A, Prukner-Radovc E, Residbegovic E, Ilieski V, Laroucau K, Donati M, Martinov S, Kaleta E. Chlamydial infections in feral pigeons in Europe Review of data and focus on public health implications. Veterinary Microbiology. 009. 135 5467. Seth-Smith H, Harris S, Rance R, West A, Severin J, Ossewaarde J, Cutcliffe L, Skilton R, Marsh P, Parkhill J, Clarke I, Thomson N. Genome sequence of the zoonotic pathogen Chlamydophila psittaci. Journal of Bacteriology. 2011. 28 12821283. Smith K, Campbell C, Murphy J, Stobierski M, Tengelsen L. Compendium of measures to control Chlamydophila psittaci infection among humans (Psittacosis) and pet birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), 2010 subject field Association of State Public Health Veterinarians (NASPHV). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 011. 20 3245. Tully T. update on Chlamydophila psittaci. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine, 2001. 10 20-24. Vanrompay D, Har kinezhad T, Van de Walle M, Beeckman D, Droogenbroeck C, Verminnen K, An Martel R, Cauwerts K. Chlamydophila psittaci transmission from pet birds to humans. acclivitous Infectious Diseases. 2007. 13 1108-1110. Vazquez B, Esperon F, Neves E, Lopez J, Ballesteros C, Munoz M. Screening for several potential pathogens in feral pigeons (Columba livia) in Madrid. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2010, 5245-51.

Extracurricular Activities in School Essay

An ideal school gives to students the stove and the spirit of healthy contender to excel at all levels. Class bend and the home work given by teachers have their academic importance in this excessively one who excels wins the praise and clasp from the teachers. But academic distinctions alone do not fulfill all the purpose for which the school exists. A school is the workshop of life-building in which the raw hooey is the nascent unripe pupils. The Principal, the teachers are molders of this raw material into the ideal mold. For this process, many more activities, other than vroom ones are needed to fulfill the purpose. A one-year-old pupil might have the potential and the natural Lent to excel in games and sports and he needfully to go to play field and the sports ground for the purpose. There can be students whose natural bent of opinion is towards creative art and the art room is his field where he needs to be given the detect to exhibit his potential.Even little childr en of the nursery or the primary classes can draw much(prenominal) lines and hold up such figures which may amaze an on-looker and may be led to exclaim What an idea, how could he imagine this? hotshot cannot and does not know how much talent in what direction lies in a childs brain. This can only come out when he or she is given that opportunity. The school has to provide such chances and explore out the pearls from the sea-depths of the young mind. Art competitions of different level of students are activities that need to be logical and the excellence in that to be rewarded and encouraged. There are boys and girls who have a knack of oration. They have in them an amount of self-confidence that they can face spectators and audience.Elocution contests and debates offer them the chance to exhibit this latent talent of theirs. such(prenominal) inter-class or inter-school competitions should regularly be held which would further them to force good debaters who knows, they may on e day become parliamentarians and what they have gained during their school days may place them in good stead in that field. heathen shows dramatics performances, mono- actings are events which schools generally hold and it so necessary for schools to hold them. That is also at of thoroughgoing education. Taking part in such events gives children a sense of self-confidence and embellishes their accomplishments which they suffer or can even develop.Anything, any activity which helps in the development of the total personality of young boy or girl is a part ofeducation and competitions, the effort to excel from others, is an incentive which must(prenominal) be provided to a young mind. Such an opportunity is offered to them only through such cultural and extra-curricular activities col up of personality developing the latent talents- promotion of the intellectual effort and an opportunity of healthy competition all these are factors which an educational institution should always encourage only when it does this, it fulfills its role in the total education of the young.

Monroe Versus Madison.

Corey Salva Mr. Vieira APUSH 10/15/10 Marbury vs. capital of Wisconsin In 1803, a single case managed to change how Americas government would be run forever. In John Adams last few days as president, he appointed a small sort of Federalists into power. When Thomas Jefferson was elected into office, and he told James Madison to non bring the commissions to an appointed midnight judge named William Marbury. This gave the newly appointed Chief Justice, John marshal, a great opportunity to spread his Federalist influence deeper into the American government.When Marbury appoint out that his commission was being held back by Madison, he sued for its makey. This event brought about the case of Marbury vs. Madison. Marbury v. Madison was the first time the Supreme Court declared something unconstitutional, and established the concept of judicial look backward in the U. S. (the idea that courts may oversee and nullify the actions of another branch of government). The landmark decision h elped coiffure the checks and balances of the American form of government. This case influenced how the government would establish laws forever.The biggest issue in the case was whether or not the commission could be forced on its delivery. The biggest questions of the case were does Article III of the Constitution create a floor for original jurisdiction, which carnal knowledge can add to, or does it create an exhaustive list that Congress cant deepen at all? If Article IIIs original jurisdiction is an exhaustive list, but Congress tries to modify it anyway, who wins that conflict, Congress or the Constitution? Most importantly, who is supposed to decide who wins?On February 24, 1803, the Court rendered a whole (4-0) decision, that Marbury had a right to his commission, but Congress did not have the power to force Madison to deliver it. This seemed like a loss for the Federalist people in the government, but in fact, it changed how the government would work forever. Marshall wa s enable to enact Judicial Review, which gave the Supreme Court the ability to determine whether a law passed by Congress was constitutional or not. This was extremely influential in Americas government, for this is still in use today. Marbury was never appointed a Justice of Peace in the District of Columbia.

A South African Investment Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A South African enthronization Paper - Essay ExampleTherefore, the interfaith centre insisted that the companies should terminate their operations and leave South Africa, unless the and so South African government ended apartheid, and enhanced human rights for the minority groups. This resolution occurred when Texaco and SoCal, the owners of Caltex, were planning to augment Caltex refinery plant in Milnerto, from 58,000 barrels per day to 108,000 barrels per day. This was an expansion that would cost Caltex $135 million, and as a result increasing the countrys refining capacity by 11%, (case discover 4, N.d, p.9). Benefits The counselling was opposed to the interfaith centre resolution, which required them to abandon their business in South Africa due to honorable matters. Expansion of the Caltex firm would be associated with several economic advantages first, the expansion plans would add up to 20% of one-year returns on the initial investment, as a result, benefiting the coun try economically. The Caltex management also argued that with the expansion of the Caltex plant, the conditions of the total darknesss and the minority would be improved. The companies long adopted the 1977 Dr. Leon Sullivan principles, which included i) Equal employment opportunities for all races ii) Equal pay for employees iii) Non- discrimination of races in terms of work facilities, and social life iv) Development of training programs that would prepare all workers for jobs v) The increasing of black workers in managerial positions vi) Improving the employees life quality, by fostering health facilities, transportation, school, and housing facilities, (case study 4, N.d, p10). Therefore, Caltex management believed that the expansion of the plant would bear more positive outcomes and foster equality and fairness at heart the organization. Despite the interfaith resolution, Caltex showed its commitment in improving its workers conditions, when it promoted 742 black employees in to the former white-held jobs 29 black employees were also moved into the white-collar job category. The management also advanced the workers wages by raising them above average, as it believed that the expansion of Caltex plant had all the interests of all the races considered. unneeded say, if Caltex withdrew its operation from South Africa, many workers, regardless their race, would be left at a disadvantage, since their jobs would cease, hence becoming difficult for them to provide for their families. Therefore, the expansion of Caltex plant would be beneficial to the workers despite their race however, the blacks would be in the main affected, because of the difficulties they face before attaining employment opportunities. Needless to say, the presence of these foreign companies had improved the wages of black workers, and then Caltex expansion is beneficial. Violation of Rights and Justice The expansion of the Caltex plant was faced with numerous critics from the Interfait h Center, who claimed that it violated the rights of blacks and separate minority groups by abiding to the apartheid rules. Despite the companies abiding by the

Portfolio Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Portfolio - Assignment ExampleCurrently, the roads in the area are compacted with walkways made of stone or compacted soils. However, the two way roads shared by vehicles and livestock have significant challenges during the rainy seasons and are steep and narrow. During the rainy season, the roads are crosscut by landslides as the road bridges get washed out. These acquit challenges make the domestics use animals to cargo ships goods, and walk on foot so that they access facilities such as education. This means that most of the natives time is spent on transport (Engineers without borders institute, no date).Analyse the problem statements in the linguistic context of design solutions collected from text books. Understand methods of construction that can be used to solve transport challenges from relevant textbooks.Make a tour visit in the area to look at the transport challenges the natives experience. Discuss with them about their views on the existing transport modes they hav e, skills required, resources available in the area, and construction materials available. Use engineering textbooks to learn various road construction methods.The success of a squad is success to for each one of the team members and the success of an individual team member leads to the success of the team. Effective leadership is a motivational cipher in the success of a team. Lattimore & Glinow (2010) define teamwork as responsibility done by several associates with each having a role to play but well coordinated to develop personal prominence and efficiency. Teamwork is achieved by dint of the following processes transition processes, action processes, and interpersonal processes. Transition processes occurs in between the periods of action and focuses on charge analysis, goals specification, and formulation of strategies. Action processes happen when the team tries to achieve its goals through monitoring progress, the systems, the team, and the coordination of the team. Int erpersonal